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Technical Resource

Steel Guide

Comprehensive technical resource for blade materials. Understanding steel composition, performance, and application for professional manufacturing.

Material Selection Expertise

At Vast State Industrial, we understand that steel choice defines a knife's character. From edge retention to corrosion resistance, our 18+ years of OEM experience helps clients balance performance, cost, and manufacturability.

  • Premium Powder Steels (M390, S35VN)
  • High-Performance Tool Steels (D2, A2)
  • Standard Stainless (440C, 8Cr13MoV)
Why It Matters

Balancing the Triangle of Performance

Every steel is a compromise between Hardness, Toughness, and Corrosion Resistance. Our engineering team works closely with global brands to select the optimal alloy for specific applications, whether it's a tactical folder requiring high impact resistance or a kitchen knife needing extreme sharpness.

HRC
Hardness
Cr
Corrosion
V
Wear Resist

Steel Analysis & Guides

In-depth breakdown of popular knife steels used in our manufacturing process.

Guide
October 8, 2025

8Cr13MoV Steel Explained: Composition, Heat Treat, and Real-World Knife Performance (Full Guide & Review)

8Cr13MoV is one of the most common budget-to-midrange stainless steels in folding knives. It balances hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance at a price point most buyers accept. Pick 8Cr13MoV if you need a well-rounded stainless steel for EDC that’s easy to sharpen, offers decent edge retention, and works across urban and light outdoor tasks. Avoid […]

READ ANALYSIS
Guide
October 8, 2025

Is 4116 Stainless Steel Right for Your Pocket Knife? Composition, Heat Treat, and Real-World Performance

Choosing the right steel makes a pocket knife useful and reliable—or frustrating and short-lived. 4116 stainless steel divides opinion, especially among EDC and kitchen knife buyers. 4116 is a German stainless steel similar to X50CrMoV15, known for high corrosion resistance, easy sharpening, and toughness. It trades long edge life for safety, stain resistance, and affordability. […]

READ ANALYSIS
Guide
October 8, 2025

Penknife vs. Pocket Knife: What’s the Real Difference in Design, Use, and Law?

Many people use the words “penknife” and “pocket knife” interchangeably, but they describe two distinct concepts with different histories, designs, and uses. A penknife is typically a small, non-locking slipjoint folder from its quill-cutting origins, while a pocket knife can include locking mechanisms, multiple blade types, and broader EDC utility designs. I often help brand […]

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Guide
October 8, 2025

Is 3Cr13 Steel Good for Knives? Composition, Performance, and Best-Use Cases

Steel choice shapes how a knife feels, performs, and lasts. 3Cr13 often appears in budget knives—some praise it for easy use, others dismiss it as “cheap steel.” 3Cr13 is a Chinese stainless steel similar to 420J2, known for affordability, high corrosion resistance, and ease of sharpening. It sacrifices edge retention for toughness and user-friendly maintenance. […]

READ ANALYSIS
Technical Data

Common Steel Composition

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Steel Name Carbon (C) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Molybdenum (Mo) HRC Range Category
M390 1.90% 20.00% 4.00% 1.00% 60-62 PREMIUM
S35VN 1.40% 14.00% 3.00% 2.00% 58-61 PREMIUM
D2 1.50% 12.00% 0.90% 0.80% 59-61 TOOL STEEL
VG-10 1.00% 15.00% 0.20% 1.00% 58-60 MID-RANGE
8Cr13MoV 0.80% 13.00% 0.10% 0.15% 57-59 BUDGET
440C 1.00% 17.00% - 0.75% 58-60 CLASSIC

* Values are approximate and may vary by heat treatment process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which steel is best for EDC knives?
For everyday carry (EDC), a balance of edge retention and corrosion resistance is key. Steels like S35VN, VG-10, and D2 are excellent choices. S35VN offers premium performance with good toughness, while D2 is a budget-friendly option with great edge retention but requires more care against rust.
Does higher HRC mean better quality?
Not necessarily. Higher Rockwell Hardness (HRC) means the edge stays sharp longer but can make the blade more brittle and prone to chipping. A chopping tool needs lower HRC for toughness, while a slicing knife benefits from higher HRC. Quality is about the right heat treatment for the intended use.
Can Vast State manufacture with powder steels?
Yes, we have extensive experience machining and heat-treating premium powder metallurgy steels like M390, S35VN, and Elmax. Our facilities in Yangjiang are equipped with precise CNC machinery and temperature-controlled furnaces to maximize the potential of these high-end materials.
Start Your Project

Need Help Selecting the Right Steel?

Our engineering team can guide you through material selection based on your target market, budget, and performance requirements.